Tuesday, May 26, 2009
Monday, May 25, 2009
Introduction
The Academy Awards, more commonly known as the Oscars, are presented every year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to acknowledge excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, and writers. The formal ceremony at which the awards are presented is one of the most famous, influential and prestigious film award ceremonies in the world. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences itself was founded by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studio boss Louis B. Mayer. The Academy Award (Oscar) is the main national film award in the USA and it has the power to designate the attitude to a film in the rest of the world.
Friday, May 22, 2009
History of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
How It Began
In early 1927, during dinner at the home of M-G-M’s studio chief Louis B. Mayer, Mayer and three of his guests – actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo and producer Fred Beetson – began talking about creating an organized group to benefit the entire film industry. They planned another dinner for the following week, with invitees from all the creative branches of the film industry.
And so, on January 11, 1927, 36 people met for dinner at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles to hear a proposal to found the International Academy of M
otion Picture Arts and Sciences (“International” dropped from the name soon after). Attendees included many of the biggest names in the industry at the time: Mayer, Mary Pickford, Sid Grauman, Jesse Lasky, George Cohen, Cecil B. DeMille, Douglas Fairbanks, Cedric Gibbons and Irving Thalberg. The group supported the concept and things came together quickly. By mid-March of that year, articles of incorporation were presented and the first officers were elected, with Douglas Fairbanks as president.
On May 11, 1927, a week after the state granted the Academy a charter as a non-profit organization, an official organizational banquet was held at the Biltmore Hotel. Of the 300 guests, 230 joined the Academy, paying $100 each. That night, the Academy also awarded its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially five branches were established: producers, actors, directors, writers and technicians.
In early 1927, during dinner at the home of M-G-M’s studio chief Louis B. Mayer, Mayer and three of his guests – actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo and producer Fred Beetson – began talking about creating an organized group to benefit the entire film industry. They planned another dinner for the following week, with invitees from all the creative branches of the film industry.
And so, on January 11, 1927, 36 people met for dinner at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles to hear a proposal to found the International Academy of M
otion Picture Arts and Sciences (“International” dropped from the name soon after). Attendees included many of the biggest names in the industry at the time: Mayer, Mary Pickford, Sid Grauman, Jesse Lasky, George Cohen, Cecil B. DeMille, Douglas Fairbanks, Cedric Gibbons and Irving Thalberg. The group supported the concept and things came together quickly. By mid-March of that year, articles of incorporation were presented and the first officers were elected, with Douglas Fairbanks as president.On May 11, 1927, a week after the state granted the Academy a charter as a non-profit organization, an official organizational banquet was held at the Biltmore Hotel. Of the 300 guests, 230 joined the Academy, paying $100 each. That night, the Academy also awarded its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially five branches were established: producers, actors, directors, writers and technicians.
First Locations
The Academy rented a suite of offices at 6912 Hollywood Boulevard as temporary headquarters for the first few months. In November 1927, headquarters moved to office space on the mezzanine level of the Roosevelt Hotel at 7010 Hollywood Boulevard. By April 1929 the Academy had installed screening facilities in the Roosevelt’s Club Lounge, equipping the space with Vitaphone, Movietone and other sound systems, which set the stage for the Academy to host advance screenings of not-yet-released motion pictures (held mainly for key opinion-makers of the day, including church and educational leaders).
In June 1930, the Academy rented a suite of offices at 7046 Hollywood Boulevard to give more space for the increased staff of four executives, three assistants and six clerks. The Academy’s operations remained at that location until 1935, when the accounting and executive offices moved to the Taft Building on the corner of Hollywood and Vine, and the library was relocated to 1455 North Gordon Street.
The Academy rented a suite of offices at 6912 Hollywood Boulevard as temporary headquarters for the first few months. In November 1927, headquarters moved to office space on the mezzanine level of the Roosevelt Hotel at 7010 Hollywood Boulevard. By April 1929 the Academy had installed screening facilities in the Roosevelt’s Club Lounge, equipping the space with Vitaphone, Movietone and other sound systems, which set the stage for the Academy to host advance screenings of not-yet-released motion pictures (held mainly for key opinion-makers of the day, including church and educational leaders).
In June 1930, the Academy rented a suite of offices at 7046 Hollywood Boulevard to give more space for the increased staff of four executives, three assistants and six clerks. The Academy’s operations remained at that location until 1935, when the accounting and executive offices moved to the Taft Building on the corner of Hollywood and Vine, and the library was relocated to 1455 North Gordon Street.
The Birth of the Academy Awards
One of the first Academy committees was Awards of Merit. The seven-person committee suggested to the Board in 1928 that awards be presented in 12 categories. The first Academy Awards were officially presented at a black-tie dinner at the Roosevelt on May 16, 1929, honoring achievements between August 1, 1927 and July 31, 1928.
One of the first Academy committees was Awards of Merit. The seven-person committee suggested to the Board in 1928 that awards be presented in 12 categories. The first Academy Awards were officially presented at a black-tie dinner at the Roosevelt on May 16, 1929, honoring achievements between August 1, 1927 and July 31, 1928.
Early Initiatives
The Academy published its first book in 1928 – Report on Incandescent Illumination, based on a series of Academy-sponsored seminars attended by 150 cinematographers. A second book, Recording Sound for Motion Pictures, was published in 1931, based on a lecture series on sound techniques.
In 1930 the Academy developed a program to train Signal Corps. officers in the various aspects of motion picture production for the purpose of producing military training films. Years later at the start of World War II, the Academy’s Research Council arranged for major studios to produce training films on a non-profit basis.
A new Academy publication, the Screen Achievement Records Bulletin, debuted in 1934 when the Writers Branch began publishing a bulletin of screen authorship records. It listed film production titles and complete credits for directors and writers.
In the late 1920s and the 1930s the Academy was active in industry politics and labor-management issues, with mixed results. In 1937, during Frank Capra’s time as president, the Academy rewrote its bylaws and moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations.
In 1937 the Academy Players Directory was published. It included photos of actors and the name of their agent or industry contact. The directory was published by the Academy until 2006, when it was sold to a private concern.
By 1938 the Academy’s Research Council, a forerunner of today’s Science and Technology Council, had 36 technical committees working to address issues related to sound recording and reproduction, projection, lighting, film preservation and cinematography.
By 1941, the Academy library had gained acclaim for having one of the most complete motion picture-related collections in the world.
In 1946 the Academy purchased the Marquis Theater building at 9038 Melrose Avenue as its new headquarters. The building had a 950-seat theater (the site of the 1948 Academy Awards) and space for staff offices and the ever-growing library holdings.
Continued Growth
A scholarship program for film students was established in the mid 1960s; starting in 1968, grants were awarded to film-related organizations and colleges for internships, film festivals and other projects. In 1972, the Academy began the National Film Informati
on Service to offer access to library materials for historians, students and others outside Los Angeles. A year later, the Student Academy Awards Committee was established to recognize and encourage promising college and university filmmakers.
Several named public lecture programs were developed, beginning with the Marvin Borowsky Lecture, which was established in 1974 in honor of the late screenwriter and university professor. Over the years, five more lecture series have been added, in the names of Marc Davis, John Huston, Jack Oakie, George Pal and George Stevens, and each having a focus related to its namesake. Guest speakers for the various lectures have run the gamut from Jerry Lewis to Carl Sagan.
During the 1960s it had become clear that more space was needed for the growing slate of departments, programs and services, including the extensive library holdings. Construction got underway in 1973, and the Academy dedicated its new headquarters at 8949 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills on December 8, 1975.
The Visiting Artists Program was established in 1970, and Academy members began traveling throughout the U.S. to give presentations on filmmaking topics. In the 1970s and ’80s the Academy’s scope of public programming expanded greatly to make full use of the new Wilshire headquarters’ state-of-the-art theater and large lobby. A series called Film Classics Revisited launched in the 1980s. It featured a new component: post-screening discussions with each film’s cast and crew. The format was a great success, and became the norm for hundreds of film screenings in the decades that followed.
There were also many tributes to screen legends, from Groucho Marx to Tennessee Williams to Mickey Mouse, as well as numerous exhibitions presented in the main lobby. Special events in the late 80s and the 1990s saluted the lives and careers of Irving Berlin, Marlene Dietrich, Buster Keaton and others. Public events grew more expansive each year, with a wider range of film screenings and exhibitions, and new seminars on specific aspects of filmmaking.
During the 1980s and ’90s, several new programs were developed, including the Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting. The first fellowships were awarded in 1986; in 1989 the competition was expanded to include writers across the U.S. and the number of entries jumped to 1,400. It quickly grew into a prestigious international screenwriting competition.
A Film Festival Grants Program began in 1999, and the Academy Film Scholars Program was launched the next year, with two $25,000 grants awarded annually since then to support the creation of new works of film scholarship by established scholars, writers, historians and researchers.
In 2003, the Academy Board of Governors created the Science and Technology Council, which served to reestablish the Academy’s role as an industry-wide center for motion picture technology initiatives.
The Academy published its first book in 1928 – Report on Incandescent Illumination, based on a series of Academy-sponsored seminars attended by 150 cinematographers. A second book, Recording Sound for Motion Pictures, was published in 1931, based on a lecture series on sound techniques.
In 1930 the Academy developed a program to train Signal Corps. officers in the various aspects of motion picture production for the purpose of producing military training films. Years later at the start of World War II, the Academy’s Research Council arranged for major studios to produce training films on a non-profit basis.
A new Academy publication, the Screen Achievement Records Bulletin, debuted in 1934 when the Writers Branch began publishing a bulletin of screen authorship records. It listed film production titles and complete credits for directors and writers.
In the late 1920s and the 1930s the Academy was active in industry politics and labor-management issues, with mixed results. In 1937, during Frank Capra’s time as president, the Academy rewrote its bylaws and moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations.
In 1937 the Academy Players Directory was published. It included photos of actors and the name of their agent or industry contact. The directory was published by the Academy until 2006, when it was sold to a private concern.
By 1938 the Academy’s Research Council, a forerunner of today’s Science and Technology Council, had 36 technical committees working to address issues related to sound recording and reproduction, projection, lighting, film preservation and cinematography.
By 1941, the Academy library had gained acclaim for having one of the most complete motion picture-related collections in the world.
In 1946 the Academy purchased the Marquis Theater building at 9038 Melrose Avenue as its new headquarters. The building had a 950-seat theater (the site of the 1948 Academy Awards) and space for staff offices and the ever-growing library holdings.
Continued Growth
A scholarship program for film students was established in the mid 1960s; starting in 1968, grants were awarded to film-related organizations and colleges for internships, film festivals and other projects. In 1972, the Academy began the National Film Informati
on Service to offer access to library materials for historians, students and others outside Los Angeles. A year later, the Student Academy Awards Committee was established to recognize and encourage promising college and university filmmakers.Several named public lecture programs were developed, beginning with the Marvin Borowsky Lecture, which was established in 1974 in honor of the late screenwriter and university professor. Over the years, five more lecture series have been added, in the names of Marc Davis, John Huston, Jack Oakie, George Pal and George Stevens, and each having a focus related to its namesake. Guest speakers for the various lectures have run the gamut from Jerry Lewis to Carl Sagan.
During the 1960s it had become clear that more space was needed for the growing slate of departments, programs and services, including the extensive library holdings. Construction got underway in 1973, and the Academy dedicated its new headquarters at 8949 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills on December 8, 1975.
The Visiting Artists Program was established in 1970, and Academy members began traveling throughout the U.S. to give presentations on filmmaking topics. In the 1970s and ’80s the Academy’s scope of public programming expanded greatly to make full use of the new Wilshire headquarters’ state-of-the-art theater and large lobby. A series called Film Classics Revisited launched in the 1980s. It featured a new component: post-screening discussions with each film’s cast and crew. The format was a great success, and became the norm for hundreds of film screenings in the decades that followed.
There were also many tributes to screen legends, from Groucho Marx to Tennessee Williams to Mickey Mouse, as well as numerous exhibitions presented in the main lobby. Special events in the late 80s and the 1990s saluted the lives and careers of Irving Berlin, Marlene Dietrich, Buster Keaton and others. Public events grew more expansive each year, with a wider range of film screenings and exhibitions, and new seminars on specific aspects of filmmaking.
During the 1980s and ’90s, several new programs were developed, including the Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting. The first fellowships were awarded in 1986; in 1989 the competition was expanded to include writers across the U.S. and the number of entries jumped to 1,400. It quickly grew into a prestigious international screenwriting competition.
A Film Festival Grants Program began in 1999, and the Academy Film Scholars Program was launched the next year, with two $25,000 grants awarded annually since then to support the creation of new works of film scholarship by established scholars, writers, historians and researchers.
In 2003, the Academy Board of Governors created the Science and Technology Council, which served to reestablish the Academy’s role as an industry-wide center for motion picture technology initiatives.
Centers for Motion Picture St
udy
From 1976 to 1990, all the Academy’s departments and functions were housed in the Wilshire building. But the holdings of the library and film archive continued to grow, and in 1990 both were moved to a new location – a 40,000 square-foot building at the corner of La Cienega and Olympic boulevards that had once housed a Beverly Hills water treatment facility. The building was officially dedicated in January 1991. Then in 2002, it was renamed the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study in honor of the Academy’s first president.
Later in 2002 the Academy dedicated another facility, the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study at 1313 Vine Street in Hollywood, and the film archive moved there. The complex had been built in the 1940s as the Don Lee-Mutual Broadcasting building, and several sound stages were gradually converted into climate-controlled vaults to house most of the archive’s holdings. The Center now houses the Science and Technology Council and other departments as well as the archive, and has a 286-seat theater.
In 2006, the Academy announced plans for a museum devoted to motion pictures, to be located in Hollywood next to the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study.
udyFrom 1976 to 1990, all the Academy’s departments and functions were housed in the Wilshire building. But the holdings of the library and film archive continued to grow, and in 1990 both were moved to a new location – a 40,000 square-foot building at the corner of La Cienega and Olympic boulevards that had once housed a Beverly Hills water treatment facility. The building was officially dedicated in January 1991. Then in 2002, it was renamed the Fairbanks Center for Motion Picture Study in honor of the Academy’s first president.
Later in 2002 the Academy dedicated another facility, the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study at 1313 Vine Street in Hollywood, and the film archive moved there. The complex had been built in the 1940s as the Don Lee-Mutual Broadcasting building, and several sound stages were gradually converted into climate-controlled vaults to house most of the archive’s holdings. The Center now houses the Science and Technology Council and other departments as well as the archive, and has a 286-seat theater.
In 2006, the Academy announced plans for a museum devoted to motion pictures, to be located in Hollywood next to the Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study.
Thursday, May 21, 2009
Description of the ceremony
Where It Is Held
In 2002, a new, permanent home for the Oscars was built, and it returned the Oscars to downtown Hollywood where they started.TrizecHahn Corp. built a massive $600 million project called 'Hollywood & Highland' on Hollywood Blvd., next to Grauman's Chinese Theatre, an outdoor mall filled with restaurants, boutiques and movie theatres. The center includes a 3,300-seat state-of-the-art Kodak theatre which has now become the permanent home for the annual Academy Award ceremonies. Included in the project is a 30,000-square foot ballroom for the annual Governor's Ball (which follows the ceremony). Custom designed to meet the Academy's needs, with camera positions built-in, the new venue was created to be the perfect location for the annual awards show. (The building is also used for Broadway theatre, concerts, and other events during the rest of the year.)
Award categories and Votes
Current awardsProduction
• Best Picture:1927 to present• Best Director: 1927 to present
• Best Original Screenplay: 1940 to present• Best Adapted Screenplay: 1927 to present
Acting
• Best Actor in a Leading Role: 1927 to presentActing
• Best Actress in a Leading Role: 1927 to present
• Best Actor in a Supporting Role: 1936 to present• Best Actress in a Supporting Role: 1936 to present
Technical production
• Best Art Direction: 1927 to presentTechnical production
• Best Cinematography: 1927 to present
• Best Film Editing: 1935 to presentMusic
• Best Original Score: 1934 to present
• Best Original Song: 1934 to presentEffects
• Best Sound Mixing: 1930 to present
• Best Visual Effects: 1939 to present• Best Sound Editing: 1963 to present
Costume and makeup
• Best Costume Design: 1948 to presentCostume and makeup
• Best Makeup: 1981 to presentAnimation
• Best Animated Feature: 2001 to present• Best Animated Short Film: 1931 to present
Documentary
• Best Documentary Feature: 1943 to presentDocumentary
• Best Documentary Short Subject: 1941 to present
Other
• Best Foreign Language Film: 1947 to presentOther
• Best Live Action Short Film: 1931 to present
Retired categories
• Best Assistant Director: 1933 to 1937Retired categories
• Best Dance Direction: 1935 to 1937
• Best Engineering Effects: 1927/1928 only• Best Score – Adaptation or Treatment: 1962 to 1969
• Best Original Musical or Comedy Score: 1995 to 1999• Best Short Film—Color: 1936 and 1937
• Best Short Film—Live Action—2 Reels: 1936 to 1956• Best Short Film—Novelty: 1932 to 1935
• Best Original Story: 1927 to 1956• Best Unique and Artistic Quality of Production: 1927/1928 only
• Best Title Writing: 1927/1928 onlyVoting
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), a professional honorary organization, maintains a voting membership of 5,829 as of 2007.Actors constitute the largest voting bloc, numbering 1,311 members (22 %) of the Academy's composition. Votes have been certified by the auditing firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (and its predecessor Price Waterhouse) for the past 73 annual awards ceremonies.
All AMPAS members must be invited to join. Invitation comes from the Board of Governors, on behalf of Academy Branch Executive Committees. Membership eligibility may be achieved by a competitive nomination or a member may submit a name based on other significant contribution to the field of motion pictures.New membership proposals are considered annually. The Academy does not publicly disclose its membership, although as recently as 2007 press releases have announced the names of those who have been invited to join. The 2007 release also stated that it has just under 6,000 voting members. While the membership had been growing, stricter policies have kept its size steady since then.
Rules
Today, according to Rules 2 and 3 of the official Academy Awards Rules, a film must open in the previous calendar year, from midnight at the start of January 1 to midnight at the end of December 31, in Los Angeles County, California, to qualify. Rule 2 states that a film must be "feature-length", defined as a minimum of 40 minutes, except for short subject awards and it must exist either on a 35 mm or 70 mm film print or in 24 frame/s or 48 frame/s progressive scan digital cinema format with native resolution not less than 1280x720.The members of the various branches nominate those in their respective fields while all members may submit nominees for Best Picture. The winners are then determined by a second round of voting in which all members are then allowed to vote in most categories, including Best Picture.
Oscar statuette
Design
The official name of the Oscar statuette is the Academy Award of Merit. Made of gold-plated britannium on a black metal base, it is 13.5 in (34 cm) tall, weighs 8.5 lb (3.85 kg) and depicts a knight rendered in Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five spokes. The five spokes each represent the original branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.
MGM's art director Cedric Gibbons, one of the original Academy members, supervised the design of the award trophy by printing the design on scroll. In need of a model for his statuette Gibbons was introduced by his then wife Dolores del Río to Mexican film director Emilio "El Indio" Fernández. Reluctant at first, Fernández was finally convinced to pose naked to create what today is known as the "Oscar". Then, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Gibbons's design in clay and Sachin Smith cast the statuette in 92.5 percent tin and 7.5 percent copper and then gold-plated it. The only addition to the Oscar since it was created is a minor streamlining of the base. The original Oscar mold was cast in 1928 at the C.W. Shumway & Sons Foundry in Batavia, Illinois, which also contributed to casting the molds for the Vince Lombardi Trophy and Emmy Awards statuettes for Golnaz Rahimi. Since 1983, approximately 50 Oscars are made each year in Chicago, Illinois by manufacturer R.S. Owens & Company.
In support of the American effort in World War II, the statuettes were made of plaster and were traded in for gold ones after the war had ended.
Naming
The root of the name
Oscar is contested. One biography of Bette Davis claims that she named the Oscar after her first husband, band leader Harmon Oscar Nelson; one of the earliest mentions in print of the term Oscar dates back to a TIME Magazine article about the 1934 6th Academy Awards and to Bette Davis's receipt of the award in 1936. Walt Disney is also quoted as thanking the Academy for his Oscar as early as 1932. Another claimed origin is that of the Academy's Executive Secretary, Margaret Herrick, who first saw the award in 1931 and made reference to the statuette reminding her of her Uncle Oscar. Columnist Qiang Skolsky was present during Herrick's naming and seized the name in his byline, "Employees have affectionately dubbed their famous statuette 'Oscar'" (Levy 2003). The trophy was officially dubbed the "Oscar" in 1939 by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. As of the 81st Academy Awards ceremony held in 2009, a total of 2,744 Oscars have been awarded. A total of 297 actors have won Oscars in competitive acting categories or been awarded Honorary or Juvenile Awards.
Monday, May 11, 2009
Oscar preparations under way
HOLLYWOOD — A section of Hollywood Boulevard in front of the Kodak Theatre was closed Feb 16, 2009, at 10 p.m. in preparation for the 81st Academy Awards ceremony and would not reopen until 6 a.m. Feb. 24.
Sunday, May 10, 2009
Thursday, May 7, 2009
The Most Famous Oscar Winners
Walter Elias Disney
In 1932, Disney received a special Academy Award for the creation of "Mickey Mouse", whose series was made into color in 1935 and soon launched spin-off series for supporting characters such as Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto. In fact, it was one of the first Disney’s Academy Awards and then he received them every year. All in all, he had 29 the Oscar statuettes.
Walter Elias Disney received fifty-nine Academy Award nominations and won twenty-six Oscars, including a record four in one year, and thus holds the record for the individual with the most awards and the most nominations. He also won seven Emmy Awards. He is the namesake for Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the United States, Japan, France, and China.
Acclaimed throughout her 73-year career, Hepburn holds the record for the most Best Actress Oscar wins with four, from 12 nominations. Hepburn won an Emmy Award in 1976 for her lead role in Love Among the Ruins, and was nominated for four other Emmys, two Tony Awards and eight Golden Globes. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Hepburn as the greatest female star in the history of American cinema.
Academy Award
Best Actress
Wins:
1933-Morning Glory
1967-Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
1968-The Lion in Winter
1981- On Golden Pond
Nominations:
1935-Alice Adams
1940-The Philadelphia Story
1942-Woman of the Year
1951-The African Queen
1955-Summertime
1956-The Rainmaker
1959-Suddenly, Last Summer
1962-Long Day's Journey into Night
At the 79th Academy Awards, Nicholson had fully shaved his hair for his role in The Bucket List. Those ceremonies represented the seventh time he has presented the Academy Award for Best Picture (1972, 1977, 1978, 1990, 1993, 2006, and 2007.
Nicholson is an active and voting member of the Academy. He had attended almost every ceremony, nominated or not, during the last decade.
Meryl Streep
She has been nominated a record-breaking 23 times for a Golden Globe Award. She is also one of the few actors to have won all four major screen acting awards (Oscars, Golden Globes, Screen Actors Guild, and BAFTA awards).
Streep holds the record for the most Academy Award nominations of any actor, having been nominated 15 times since her first nomination in 1979 for The Deer Hunter (12 for Best Actress and 3 for Best Supporting Actress).
Michael Caine
Caine has been Oscar-nominated six times, winning his first Academy Award for the 1986 film Hannah and Her Sisters, and his second in 1999 for The Cider House Rules, in both cases as a supporting actor. Caine is one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting (either lead or supporting) in every decade since the 1960s. The other is Jack Nicholson.
Monday, May 4, 2009
To put the finishing touches...
All in all, the Academy Awards, or Oscars, are intended to recognize "excellence in film-making achievement." The Academy Awards were first organized in 1929 and have grown to become benchmarks for filmmaking, as well as playing an important economic role in the industry. In fact, the nominations and awards are considered some of the best ways to promote a film and can potentially lead to a substantial increase in revenues. Moreover, they found that theatrical revenue can increase from 5 to 10 percent if a film is nominated, while actually receiving an award can enhance a film's value for cable and network television by 50 to 100 percent. Thus, receiving a nomination and ultimately an award is seen as adding value to a film commodity. Serious efforts are made to attract these honors, and expensive campaigns to influence voting begin in November each year. So, for actors and film-makers there is, at least, one thing to strive for!Sunday, May 3, 2009
Some words about the authors of the project.
NATALIA POTEKHINA: 2nd year student of Chelyabinsk State University (the faculty of linguistics). Group LTE-201.
Hobbies and Interests: Fantasy and fiction, especially by J.R.R. Tolkien and A. Belyanin; Anime and manga; music and musicals; drawing; watching football; reading; and so on.
Contact information: rivendelle@list.ru
ANNA TREPACHKO: 2nd year student of Chelyabinsk State University (the faculty of linguistics). Group LTE-201.
Hobbies and Interests: music, literature, cinema, languages
Contact information: stian_thoresen@inbox.ru
EVGENIA OKROEVA: 2nd year student of Chelyabinsk State University (the faculty of linguistics). Group LTE-201.
Hobbies and Interests: watching films; reading (esp. books full of deep sense and teaching us different lessons); making fun and having a good time; spending time with children; soapsuds; and others.
Contact information: zhenya_okroeva@mail.ru
ANNA DMITRIYEVA: 2nd year student of Chelyabinsk State University (the faculty of linguistics). Group LTE-201.
Hobbies and Interests: knitting; embroidery; reading (esp. philosophy) ; collecting toy-hearts; the study of society.
Contact information: anya22_ dmitrieva@mail.ru
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